Re-Interpreting the Imrahor Valley (Ankara-Turkey) in Terms of Green Infrastructure Directing Urban and Rural Development
Re-Interpreting the Imrahor Valley (Ankara-Turkey) in Terms of Green Infrastructure Directing Urban and Rural Development
PDFAuthors: Nilgül Karadeniz, Esra Şenoz Orsan, Rüveyda Akman Taskin, and Zekiye Cetinkaya
Volume/Issue: Volume 23: Issue 2
Published online: 18 Nov 2020
Pages: 87–95
Abstract
The earth is rapidly urbanizing. One of the most effective means of dealing with the emergency caused by rapid urbanization is green infrastructure now. Ankara as a metropolitan capital city is also rapidly losing its urban-rural integrity due to rapid urbanization. Although different spatial plans have been made since the declaration of the Republic, the city continued oil-stain expansion and the green area system could not be protected. The Imrahor Valley, which is of ecologically vital importance in the urban-rural integrity, is one of the valuable areas under threat. The valley is an ecotone between the rural and urban ecosystems, southeast of Ankara city center. The valley has come to the point of losing its natural and rural character, especially with the urban transformation practices on the valley floor, slopes and surrounding areas. In this context, the ecological processes to which the Imrahor Valley is connected and dependent and human interventions in these processes are examined in three layers at different levels initially: the province, the city containing the central districts and the basin containing Lake Mogan-Eymir Lake-Imrahor Valley. Then, we focus on the transformation of the Imrahor Valley, one of the most important ecological components of the metropolitan city of Ankara, between 2003–2020. All transformational interventions in the Imrahor Valley affect all natural processes of the Valley irreversibly. It is necessary to re-read and interpret the Imrahor Valley landscape within the framework of the green infrastructure approach in all spatial planning studies and plan changes to be made regarding the metropolitan city.
Keywords: valley landscapes, urban transformations, rural-urban interaction
References
ABB. 2014. Güneypark Kentsel Dönüşüm ve Gelişim Projesi. Copyright ©2014 [Cit. 2020-10-20] Available at:
ABB. 2017. 2038 Ankara Çevre Düzeni Planı Açıklama Raporu [online]. Ankara : Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi, 2017, 828 p. [Cit. 2020-10-07]. Available at:
AKA. 2015. Ankara Bölge Planı 2014–2023 [online]. Ankara : Ankara Kalkınma Ajansı, 2015, 100 p. [Cit. 2020-10-07] Available at:
AKAYDIN, G. – ERİK, S. 2002. Flora of Ankara City. In Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, vol. 31, 2002, pp. 35–94. ISSN 1303–5002.
ALTINÖZLÜ, H. – VURAL, M. 2000. İmrahor (Ankara) Vadisi Florası. In The Herb Journal of Systematic Botanic, vol. 7, 2000, no. 1, pp. 29–53. ISSN 1300-2953.
BENEDICT, M. A. – McMAHON, E. T. 2002. Green infrastructure: smart conservation for the 21st century. In Renewable Resources Journal, vol. 20, 2002, no. 3, pp. 12–17.
BUĞRA, G. 2006. 2023 Başkent Ankara Nazım İmar Planı Plan Açıklama Raporu Etüdler Müdahale Biçimleri. Ankara : Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi, 2006, 773 p. ISBN 9786054067008.
CENGİZKAN, A. 2004. Ankara’nın İlk Planı, 1924–25 Lörcher Planı, Kentsel Mekân Özellikleri, 1932 Jansen Planı’na ve Bugüne Katkıları, Etki ve Kalıntıları. Ankara : Ankara Enstitüsü Vakfı, 2004, 255 p. ISBN. 9759584840.
ÇAĞLAYAN DEMİRBAŞ, S. – BALKIZ, Ö. – ARSLANTAŞ, F. – SANALAN CEVİZ, K. – LİSE, Y. – ZEYDANLI, U. 2020. Şehir Planlama Aracı olarak Ekosistem Hizmetleri, Çankaya İlçesi Örneği. Ankara : Doğa Koruma Merkezi, 2020, 236 p. ISBN 978-605-06990-5-0.
ÇŞB. 2020a. Gölbaşı Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi. [Cit. 2020-10-07] Available at:
ÇŞB. 2020b. Millet Bahçeleri Rehberi. [online] [Cit. 2020-10-07] Available at:
DOĞAN, M. – BOSTAN, H. 2019. Kentsel Dönüşümün Nüfusun Sosyo-Ekonomik Yapısı Üzerindeki Etkileri: Ankara Yenimahalle Örneği. In Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, vol. 2, 2019, no. 1, pp. 64–89.
DUMAN, B. – COŞKUN, İ. 2015. Neden Nasıl ve Kim İçin Kentsel Dönüşüm. Elçi, R. (ed), İstanbul : Litera yayıncılık, 2015, pp. 21–52. ISBN 9786059925341.
DURU, B. 2020. Türkiye’ye Özgü Bir Projenin Görünmeyen Yüzü: Millet Bahçeleri. In Mimarlık Dergisi [online]. vol. 57, 2020, no. 412, pp. 16–19. ISSN 1300-4212 [Cit. 2020-10-07]. Available at:
EEA. 2011. Green infrastructure and territorial cohesion: The concept of green infrastructure and its integration into policies using monitoring systems [online]. Luxemburg : Publications Office of the European Union, 2011, 138 p. ISBN 978-92-9213-242-2 [Cit. 2020-10-07]. Available at:
EEA. 2014. Spatial Analysis of Green Infrastructure in Europe. European Environment Agency Technical Report [online]. Luxembourg : Publications Office of the European Union, 2014, 56 p. ISBN 978-92-9213-421-1 [Cit. 2020-10-07]. Available at:
EEA. 2019. River floods [online]. [Cit. 2020-10-07] Available at:
EROL, O. – YURDAKUL, E. – ALGAN, Ü. – GÜREL, N. – HERECE, E. – TEKİRLİ, E. – ÜNSAL, Y. – YÜKSEL, M. 1980. Ankara Metropoliten Arazi Kullanım Haritası. Ankara : Maden Tetkik Arama Enstitüsü, D. T. C. F. Coğrafi Bilimler Kürsüsü, 1980, 99 p.
GÜRSOY ERGEN, A. 2019. Hope for the White-headed Duck, Oxyura leucocephala (Aves: Anatidae) in Turkey despite a declining breeding population and abandonment of its traditional wintering area? In Zoology in the Middle East, vol. 65, 2019, no. 2, pp. 1–12.
KALKAN, İ. – ŞAROĞLU, F. – ÖZMUTAF, M. – ATİKER, M. – YILDIRIM, N. – SÜZÜK, H. – TANIL, A. 1992. Eymir ve Mogan Göllerinin (Ankara-Gölbaşı) Korunmasına Yönelik Jeoloji-Hidrojeoloji İncelemesi. Proje No: 92/101, Ankara : Ankara Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Enerji Hammadde Etüt ve Arama Dairesi Başkanlığı, 1992, 109 p.
KARADENIZ, N. – OTÇU KANTER, İ. – CÜRE TEKİN, C. – ŞENÖZ, E. – CEYLAN, K. S. 2016. Peyzaj Planlama Senaryolarının Geodesign Yaklaşımı ile Geliştirilmesi : İmrahor Vadisi Örneği, Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 14, 2016, no. 2, pp. 135–156.
KARAKOÇ, G. – ÜNLÜ, F. – KATIRCIOĞLU, H. 2003. Water Quality and Impacts of Pollution Sources for Eymir and Mogan Lakes (Turkey). In Environment International (Elsevier), vol. 29, 2003, no. 1, pp. 21–27.
KILIÇ, D. T. – KIRAÇ, C. O. 2006. Türkiye’nin Önemli Doğa Alanları: Mogan Gölü [online]. Ankara : Doğa Derneği, 2006, pp. 58–59. [cit. 2020-10-07]. Available at:
LIQUETE, C. – KLEESCHULTE, S. – DIGE, G. – MAES, J. – GRIZZETTI, B. – OLAH, B. – ZULIAN, G. 2015. Mapping Green İnfrastructure Based on Ecosystem Services and Ecological Networks : A Pan-European Case Study. In Environmental Science & Policy (Elsevier), vol. 54, 2015, pp. 268–280.
NATURAL ENGLAND. 2009. Green Infrastructure Guidance [online]. UK : Natural England, 2009, 107 p. [cit. 2020-10-07]. Available at:
OKAY, Y. – DEMIR, K. 2010. Critically endangered endemic Centaurea tchihatcheffii Fisch. and Mey. and its propagation possibilities. In African Journal of Agricultural Research [online], vol. 5, 2010, no. 25, pp. 3536–3541. ISSN 1991-637X [cit. 2020-10-07]. Available at:
PALLIWODA, J. – BANZHAF, E. – PRIESS, J. A. 2020. How do the green components of urban green infrastructure influence the use of ecosystem services? Examples from Leipzig, Germany. In Landscape Ecology [online], vol. 35, 2020, pp. 1127–1142. [cit. 2020-10-07]. Available at:
PEDRAZZINI, L. 2017. Green Infrastructures: A Framework to Apply a Multiscalar and Transectoral Approach in Planning [online]. Lisbon : Conference paper [cit. 2020-10-07]. Available at:
SECRETARIAT of THE CONVENTION on BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY. 2012. Cities and Biodiversity Outlook, Action and Policy [online]. Montreal : SCB – World Trade Centre, 2012, 64 p. ISBN 92-9225-432-2 [cit. 2020-10-07]. Available at:
SINACI ÖZFINDIK, F. 2019. Changing Characteristics of a Significant Part of the Urban Fringe in Ankara: İmrahor Valley. In Journal of Ankara Studies, vol. 7, 2019, no. 2, pp. 343–353.
ŞAHİN, Ç. 2015. Türkiye’de Kentsel Dönüşüme Dayalı İnşaat Odaklı Ekonomi Modeli ve Toplumsal Maliyeti: En Temel İnsan Hakları, Sosyal Haklar, Çevre Hakkı ve Kent Hakkı Açısından Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme, Sosyoloji Konferansları, 2015, no. 51, pp. 51–81.
ŞENÖZ ORSAN, E. – KARADENİZ, N. 2019. Ankara Kenti Mekânsal Planlama Sürecinde Doğal Bir Alanın Dönüşümü : İmrahor Vadisi Örneği. In Peyzaj Araştırmaları ve Uygulamaları Dergisi, vol. 1, 2019, no. 2, pp. 1–9.
TARIKAHYA HACIOĞLU, B. – ERIK, S. – MUTLU, B. 2011. Ankara Yerleşim Merkezinin, Çevresindeki Alanlarla Floristik Yönden Karşılaştırılması. In Manisa Celal Bayar Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 1, 2011, no. 2, pp. 77–90.
TUİK. 2020. Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları [online] [cit. 2020-10-07]. Available at:
UNITED NATIONS. 2019. World Urbanization Prospects 2018: Highlights. New York : United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2019, 38 p. ISBN 978-92-1-148318-5 [cit. 2020-10-07]. Available at: https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-Highlights.pdf